09. januar 2008
(17:06)
Avtor: Nika Gregorčič
Kategorija: 2. Mačke
Mačji aids je nalezljiva virusna bolezen mačk, ki jo povzroča virus FIV (Feline Immunodeficiency virus). Prenaša se s pomočjo ugrizov, mladički pa se (od mame) lahko okužijo med brejostjo, ob prehodu skozi porodni kanal ali med dojenjem z okuženim mlekom. Tveganje za okužbo je največje pri mačkih, ki se potepajo, saj se med potepanjem zapletajo v pretepe, kjer ugrizov ne manjka. Bolezen nastopi, ko virus uniči imunski sistem. Zaradi dolge latentne dobe se običajno pojavi šele pri mačkah, ki so stare pet let ali več. Okužba je doživljenjska.
Po začetni infekciji potuje virus v bezgavke, ki so najbližje mestu okužbe in se tam razmnožuje v belih krvničkah. Od tam se razširi v ostale bezgavke po celem telesu, kar povzroči njihovo (rahlo) povečanje. Po nekaj dneh ali tednih se pojavi vročina in bela krvna telesca v krvi močno upadejo. Tako okužena mačka lahko izgleda zdrava več let. Na koncu ji zaradi poškodbe imunskega sistema upade zmožnost obrambe pred infekcijami, zato ji lahko bakterije, virusi in ostali mikroorganizmi, ki zdravim živalim ne škodijo, povzročijo zelo hudo infekcijo, ki se lahko konča s smrtjo.
Štiri do šest let po okužbi pogine 20 odstotkov mačk, pri več kot 50 odstotkih pa se bolezen sploh ne razvije (mačka ostane le prenašalec bolezni). Po začetku pozne faze bolezni (hiranje in pojav hudih infekcij) je pričakovana življenjska doba še največ leto dni.
Klinični znaki
Inkubacijska doba (čas od okužbe do izbruha bolezni) je zelo dolga (običajno traja 4 leta in več). Pri oboleli mački opazimo oslabelost, hujšanje, izgubo apetita, blesk dlake izgine, na njej se včasih pojavijo tudi vozli, mačka lahko (zaradi grde dlake in ker se ne more več negovati) izgleda celo zanemarjena. Pride lahko tudi do vnetja dlesni ali kar celotne ustne votline. Pogosto opazimo še prizadetost zgornjega dihalnega trakta, ki se kaže s smrkanjem, vnetjem očesnih veznic, kihanjem in kašljanjem. Včasih so prizadeta tudi sečila in koža.
Poleg tega se lahko pojavi tudi stalna driska, mačke počasi hujšajo in na koncu bolezni opazno hirajo. Poveča se verjetnost za nastanek raka. V nekaterih primerih se pojavijo (mišični) krči ali živčne ter vedenjske motnje.
Diagnoza
Diagnozo postavimo na osnovi kliničnih znakov, potrdimo pa s hitrim testom krvi FeLV/FIV.
Zdravljenje
Zdravilo za okužbo z virusom FIV ne obstaja. Zdravimo zgolj simptome, ki nastanejo zaradi sekundarnih bakterijskih in oportunističnih infekcij, ki so posledica oslabljenega imunskega sistema. V primerih, ko mačka ne je, ji pomagamo s podporno terapijo v obliki infuzij ali dodatnega hranjenja z visokoenergetskimi hranili (dieto predpiše veterinar). Lastnikom svetujemo, da mačko zadržujejo v stanovanju, saj se na ta način izogne stiku z bakterijami, virusi in mikroorganizmi, ki povzročajo sekundarne infekcije, poleg tega pa tako tudi poskrbijo, da se bolezen ne širi.
Preventiva
Cepivo proti bolezni sicer obstaja, vendar so njegovi stranski učinki zelo hudi. Na mestu cepljenja lahko namreč povzroči nastanek tumorjev. Cepivo tudi ni povsem učinkovito, saj je znanih pet podtipov virusa, cepivo pa vsebuje protitelesa zgolj proti dvema. Zaradi tega mačk proti FIV ne cepimo.
Tveganje za okužbo lahko pri mačkonih zmanjšamo s pomočjo kastracije. Kastrirani mački se namreč raje zadržujejo doma, če pa že od doma odidejo, storijo to za krajši čas in se ne zapletajo v pretepe zaradi samic in teritorija (razen v primeru, da jih drugi mački napadejo).
V primerih, ko v gospodinjstvo pride nova mačka, jo je priporočljivo začasno ločiti od ostalih dokler (s pomočjo testa) ne ugotovite, ali je okužena ali ne. V nasprotnem primeru bi se namreč, če bi prišlo do pretepa, lahko okužila še katera izmed vaših ostalih muc.
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Vsebina strani je last Nike Gregorčič (avtor) in je avtorsko zaščitena po Zakonu o avtorskih in sorodnih pravicah (ZASP - UL RS 21/95). Preberi pravila uporabe.
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(3.83)
09. januar 2008 ob 20:19
Zelo dobro napisano… predlagam, da del: “Pogosto opazimo še prizadetost zgornjega dihalnega trakta, ki se kaže s smrkanjem, vnetjem očesnih veznic, kihanjem in kašljanjem. Včasih so prizadeta tudi sečila in koža.” odebeliš…
Namreč, mačkonar je lahko tudi negativen na test v rani mladosti, zaradi hormonov (popravi me prosim, če se motim, to so mi povedali veterinarji), kar se je zgodilo meni in po dveh letih je mačka dobila točno zgoraj v narekovajih omenjene simptome in ker je bila kot mlada testirana in bila negativna, smo totalno zgrešili smer zdravljenja, 2xkrat operirali, ker je komaj dihala, potem pa iz obupa še enkrat testirali in je bila pozitivna, prosil sem za takojšne uspavanje, saj se je hudo matrala.
Živim sedaj z mislijo zadaj v glavi, kaj je z drugo mačko, s katero sta skupaj gor rasli, nista sestrici, sta pa skopirani čisto (razen očitne razlike velikosti)… teče drugo leto, so far so good, odkar je ta druga zapustila me…
09. januar 2008 ob 23:27
Žal mi je za tvojo mačkico :(. Muca je bila lahko takrat res negativna in se je okužila šele kasneje…
Še en link do splošnih informacij: zloženka o FeLV/FIV (angl.)
http://www.idexx.com/animalhealth/testkits/fivfelv/6372702l.pdf
10. januar 2008 ob 8:09
Prav razveselila sem se tega zapisa… dokler ni naš muc zbolel za to boleznijo, sploh nisem vedela, da obstaja. Preden so postavili diagnozo je kar nekaj časa trajalo, čeprav je tudi naš mačkon imel prav zgoraj opisane simptome.
Imeli smo 4 mačkone, ki so skupaj spali, skupaj jedli, skupaj “osvajali” druge mačke… ostala sta nam dva… storiti itak ne moremo nič… lahko samo čakamo in upamo, da nista okužena ali da ne bosta zbolela.
Imam pa eno vprašanje… če bi se zgodilo, da bi še kateri od ostalih dveh zbolel… kdaj naj se odločimo za evtanazijo? Verjetno je za mucke precej boleče vse skupaj ? Pri prvih dveh smo kar dolgo čakali…morda predolgo… Kakšne so vaše izkušnje ?
10. januar 2008 ob 8:32
Jaz ti predlagam, da takrat, ko maček dobi simptome, dokler je razigran, lačen, vesel… naj uživa v življenju, ko ti začne hirati, itd. ali zboli fejst, potem ja.
Pri meni je Fleka kihala 2 leti, pač kiha… ko je zbolela res močno, je bilo v 2 dneh na polno, 4 dan konec vsega.
10. januar 2008 ob 8:38
@Nika: se pravi po logiki lahko potem samo sklepam, da je Fleka (pokojna) dobila zadevo od Maxi (še živeča), ki je isto negativna? *prask po glavi*
10. januar 2008 ob 12:21
Sama imam mačkona, pozitivnega na virus FIV in baje so bile na testu rahle sledi še za levkozo.
Star je dobrih pet let in res moram potrkat, z njim je zaenkrat še vse vredu. Je notranji muc, stikov z drugimi nima.
Me pa res zanima ali obstajajo dokazi, da bi se FIV prenesel na kakršni koli način na človeka?
Res super članek.
lp, Marija
10. januar 2008 ob 19:20
@Aleš: ne ni mogoče da bi se okužila od negativne mačke. V primeru da sta bili stalno samo v stanovanju je možno, da je bila Fleka v času prvega testa res okužena, vendar je imela premalo količino protiteles, da bi jih zaznalo kot pozitivno.
Če pa sta muci oz. je Fleka zahajala ven iz stanovanja in se srečevala s sovrstniki, je možno, da se je okužila kasneje - z ugrizom okužene mačke oz. mačka.
@Marija: ˝… ni dokaza, da bi se kakšen človek kdajkoli okužil s FIV˝ http://www.vet.cornell.edu/fhc/askDr/FiV.htm
10. januar 2008 ob 19:33
@nika: ne, samo notranji mački sta (5. štuk)
11. januar 2008 ob 17:24
[...] zbolijo za obolenjem, ki je podobno AIDS-u pri ljudeh. Virus, ki povzroča bolezen, se imenuje FIV (feline immunodeficiency virus), bolezni rečejo tudi mačji AIDS. Virus napade in oslabi imunski sistem ter ga onesposobi za [...]
12. januar 2008 ob 12:07
[...] za izbrano samico. Pri tem prihaja tudi do ran in ugrizov, ki so najpogostejši viri okužb z mačjim aids-om (FIV – Feline Immunodeficiency Virus) ali levkozo (FeLV - Feline Leukemia [...]
14. januar 2008 ob 18:36
mačke zbolijo prej kot pri petih letih
14. januar 2008 ob 23:33
[...] pogoste in nevarne mačje bolezni spadajo: mačja kuga, levkoza (FeLV - Feline Leukemia Virus) in mačji aids (FIV – Feline Immunodeficiency Virus), precej pogost je respiratorni sindrom (prehlad), zelo [...]
14. januar 2008 ob 23:55
@branko: klinična bolezen je najpogostejša pri mačkah starih 5 ali več let. Vendar je to zgolj statistika, kar pomeni, da so odstopanja v posameznem primeru seveda mogoča.
27. januar 2008 ob 19:39
[...] priliki, morda tudi pobegne iz stanovanja. Preventivni učinek sterilizacije na okužbo s FeLV in FIV, ki obstaja pri klasično steriliziranih mačkah, torej tu ne pride do izraza, saj je muca s [...]
07. februar 2008 ob 22:12
lp
zanima me ka je mački če stalno spi oziroma leži ni malo je oziroma nima apetita
lp
09. februar 2008 ob 0:59
@jani: Utrujenost in neješčnost se pojavita pri mnogih boleznih.
11. februar 2008 ob 18:05
[...] Mačji aids (FIV) se ne more prenesti na človeka. Z njim se lahko okužijo le mačke. Klikni na zvezdico: (ni [...]
02. marec 2008 ob 15:05
zdravo, pred časom smo pri naši muci opazili, da ima zaprte oči, vendar je kljub temu še videla. to se je pojavilo kar tako, brez kakšnih vnaprejšnjih simptomov. nato je na koncih ušes izgubila dlako in se ji je naredila koža na koncih ušes sivkasta. postala je mirna in je večino časa samo sedela odmaknjena. pred nekaj dnevi je nažalost poginila. zdaj opažamo, da ima naša druga muca isto zaprte oči kot ta, ki je poginila. kaj je lahko vzrok tega, glede nato, da nismo nobene od teh mačk cepili oz. peljali k veterinarju? hvala, lp
02. marec 2008 ob 19:19
zdravo naš muc je tudi pogini ampak pomojem zaradi zastrupitve ker je to trajalo samo 4 dni
08. marec 2008 ob 18:58
@Sabina: Zakaj potem čakaš z obiskom veterinarja, še posebej, če se isti simptomi kažejo pri ta drugi mački??????
Vzrok je lahko karkoli, zaprte oči pa niso bile “kar tako, brez kakšnih vnaprejšnjih simptomov”. Mačke in psi imajo že prej simptome, ki jih ponavadi mi ne opazimo kar tako (topel in suh smrček, motne učke, morda neješčost, bruhanje in podobno), še posebej če je mačka zunanja.
ČIMPREJ ODNESI MAČKO K VETERINARJU! Če je kakšna nalezljiva bolezen (očitno je) da se mačka izolira in da ne okuži še drugih, ter v upanju tudi pozdravi z pravilnim zdravljenjem!
Vse dobro in lp,
Marija
11. januar 2010 ob 20:01
zdravo!
mene pa zanima, če je mogoče, da so simptomi vidni že pri zelo majhnih mucah - 5, 7 mesecev ali celo manj?
hvala lepa,
jana
20. januar 2010 ob 11:58
Zdravo!
Zanima me, kdaj bo testnajbolj zanesljiv, saj je mama muca umrla decembra zaradi aids-a, mladiči pa so stari 6 mesecev?! Ali se res okužba ne more prenesti na človeka, saj so muce igrive in praskajo in grizejo (slina!!).
lp in hvala
02. februar 2010 ob 22:01
pozdravljeni
imela sem cisto zdravega cudovito lepega mucka, pri sedmih letih je zbolel, zgledalo je kot lazja zastupitev, pri veterinarju so naredili teste in nam sporocili da ima macji aids in da ga bomo morali dati uspavati. Poskusali smo na vse pretege, mu lajsati bolecino in ga spraviti k sebi ampak je bil v parih dneh tako slab, da smo ga zal morali resiti muk ;(
bil je kastriran ampak se je vseeno rad potikal okoli par uric na dan.
vse skupaj je trajalo dva tri dni…zelo nepricakovano in je bil kr šok…
lp