09. oktober 2009
(10:18)
Avtor: Nika Gregorčič
Kategorija: 4. Veterinarski nasveti, 4.1. Psi
Vprašanje: Imamo mladega odraslega nemškega ovčarja. V preteklem tednu smo opazili, da ima pordela uhlja, ki jih ves čas premika, kot bi ga srbela ter se po njih tudi neprestano praska. Poleg tega je prisoten izcedek iz ušes. Ima normalen apetit ter se normalno obnaša. Ušes ne pusti pogledati, zato me zanima ali ga moram peljati k veterinarju in na kakšen način mu lahko pomagamo. Zanima me tudi, ali je takšno stanje v prihodnje mogoče preprečevati.
Odgovor: Vaš pes ima vneta ušesa. Obolenje je ponavadi posledica različnih vzročnih dejavnikov. Med neposredne povzročitelje vnetja zunanjega sluhovoda sodijo: zunanji zajedavci, alergije, motnje v poroženevanju kože, tujki in avtoimunske bolezni. Sekundarni dejavniki, med katere spadajo bakterije in kvasovke, ki se nahajajo tudi v zdravem sluhovodu, pa lahko povzročijo vnetje v primeru bolezensko spremenjenega sluhovoda ali v kombinaciji s pogojnimi dejavniki, ki povečujejo tveganje za nastanek vnetja. Mednje sodijo: povešena ušesa, prirojeno ozek sluhovod, prekomerno izločanje ušesnega masla, zaraščen, vlažen ali zamašen sluhovod.
Obolenje se pojavlja pri psih obeh spolov, vseh pasem in starosti. Pri mladih odraslih nemških ovčarjih, kot je vaš, se najpogosteje pojavi kot posledica zunanjih zajedavcev, alergij, povečanega izločanja ušesnega masla in tujkov (npr. travnih semen), ki zaidejo v eno izmed ušes. Do vnetja lahko privede tudi kombinacija naštetih dejavnikov. Pri obolenju so možni zapleti, ki lahko v skrajnem primeru privedejo do oglušitve, zato svetujem obisk veterinarja.
Med značilne bolezenske znake sodijo: praskanje in drgnjenje ušesa, stresanje z glavo, neprijeten vonj, pojavi se lahko tudi izcedek. Ušesa psa ob dotiku bolijo, pojavita se tudi pordelost in oteklina sluhovoda. Če bolezen napreduje do srednjega ušesa, opazimo bolečino v čeljusti, nagibanje glave v stran ter hojo v krogih.
Pred postavitvijo diagnoze veterinar najprej pregleda in pretipa uhlje ter opravi pregled z otoskopom. Tako ugotovi, v kakšnem stanju je sluhovod ter kako razširjeno in močno je vnetje. Preveri tudi, ali so v sluhovodu morda dlake, tujek ali nesnaga. Psu odvzame bris sluhovoda in s pomočjo mikroskopskega pregleda brisa ugotovi povzročitelja. Zelo pogost vzrok vnetja so alergije, zato je tudi pogovor o prehranskih in življenjskih navadah psa pomemben del pregleda . Veterinar preveri tudi integriteto bobniča. V primeru predrtega bobniča bo zdravila predpisal previdneje, saj so zaradi nevarnosti oglušitve nekatera zdravila in čistilna sredstva kontraindicirana.
Zdravljenje vnetja se začne s čiščenjem. Če gre za blago vnetje, lahko uhlje očisti lastnik sam. V primeru hudega vnetja pa naj to stori veterinar. Čiščenje je zelo pomembno, saj z njim odstranimo gnoj in izcedek. Nekatera zdravila so namreč v prisotnosti izcedka neučinkovita. Pred čiščenjem je zaradi močne bolečine včasih potrebno psa najprej pomiriti s pomirjevali ali ga dati v splošno anestezijo. Pomiritev je nujna predvsem v primeru, ko odstranjujemo tujek ali pulimo dlake boječim, nemirnim ali popadljivim psom. V nasprotnem primeru bi namreč lahko prišlo do poškodbe sluhovoda ali bobniča z inštrumenti. Pri sodelujočih psih lahko čiščenje uspe brez pomirjeval. Po čiščenju predpišemo antibiotik oz. drugo zdravilo, ki odpravlja primarni vzrok. V primeru alergije moramo psu predpisati izločevalno dieto ter hkrati zdraviti obolela ušesa. Ko se ušesa pozdravijo, pa nadaljujemo še z ugotavljanjem alergena, ki je povzročil reakcijo.
Vnetje lahko preprečite tako, da psu približno dvakrat mesečno preventivno očistite uhlja. Pri tem svetujem uporabo raztopine za čiščenje ušes, ki je naprodaj v veterinarskih ambulantah in nekaterih specializiranih trgovinah za male živali. Prav tako je čiščenje priporočljivo v primeru povečane proizvodnje ušesnega masla. Pri psih z močno poraščenim sluhovodom svetujem občasno puljenje ušesnih dlak, ki preprečujejo zračenje ter tako ustvarjajo ugodne pogoje za razmnoževanje bakterij.
Naj za konec še na kratko pojasnim, kako izgleda pravilen postopek čiščenja ušes: Najprej poiščite sluhovod, ki se ga dobro otipa ob strani glave. Vanj obilno nalijte čistilno sredstvo in sluhovod od zunaj masirajte približno eno minuto. Na koncu tekočino popivnajte s kosom vate, ki ga ovijete okoli prsta. Uho obrišite le tako daleč, kot lahko sežete s prstom. Preostalo tekočino bo pes sam odstranil z otresanjem glave. Uporaba vatenk je izredno nevarna, saj lahko z njimi poškodujete nežne strukture sluhovoda ter tako sami ustvarite pogoje za njegovo vnetje. Svetujem, da čiščenje izvedete zvečer ali najmanj dve uri pred izhodom na prosto, da se sluhovod pred sprehodom osuši.
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Vsebina strani je last Nike Gregorčič (avtor) in je avtorsko zaščitena po Zakonu o avtorskih in sorodnih pravicah (ZASP - UL RS 21/95). Preberi pravila uporabe.
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