27. september 2008
(12:50)
Avtor: Nika Gregorčič
Kategorija: 2. Mačke
Ker je ravno čas, ko se kotijo mlade muce, se tu in tam pojavijo tudi male sirote, ki so ostale brez mame. Tako so pri prijateljih rešili mladega mucka, ki je imel še zaprte oči.
Najbolje za malega najdenčka je, če lahko zanj najdemo nadomestno mamo z mladički podobne starosti, ki ga lahko ogreva, neguje ter hrani. Starostna razlika je lahko največ 14 dni. Če to ni mogoče, pa poskrbimo zanj tako, da mu je toplo, da ga hranimo ter negujemo na način, ki je najbolj podoben negi pri materi.
Določanje starosti
Način skrbi za mlado siroto ter pogostnost nege je odvisen predvsem od starosti mačke. Zato najprej poskušamo oceniti starost živali. Posamezna starostna obdobja imajo naslednje značilnosti:
- 0-10 dni: Teža ob rojstvu je 90-110g. Do konca prvega tedna starosti se mora teža podvojiti. V starosti okrog 8 dni se odprejo oči. Muce so v tem obdobju povsem odvisne od matere oz. drugega skrbnika. V glavnem jedo, spijo in se stiskajo, da bi jim bilo čimbolj toplo.
- 10-14 dni: Pri starosti okrog 12 dni začenjajo mucki vstajati.
- 3 tedni: Muce poskušajo hoditi.
- 4 tedni: Izraščajo zobje, muce se začenjajo igrati z drugimi mucami.
Namestitev
Mladička lahko namestite v kartonasto škatlo, pleteno košaro ali transportno košaro za muce. Ležišče naj bo iz mehkega, toplega in vpojnega materiala. Zelo primerne so plenične podloge, brisače ali stare odeje iz pralnega materiala (npr. flis). Ležišče je potrebno redno menjati, da zagotovimo primerno higieno.
Najpomembneje je, da mladičku zagotovimo toploto. Novorojene muce so prvi teden odvisne od temperature okolja, popolno kontrolo nad telesno temperaturo dobijo šele pri enem mesecu starosti, zato je nujno, da jim zagotovimo toplotni izvor - npr. grelno lučko, termofor ali plastenko s toplo vodo. Pri postavitvi toplotnega izvora moramo paziti, da ima mladiček možnost umika pred toploto, če mu je pretoplo. Pregrevanje je zelo škodljivo, saj povzroča izsuševanje sluznic ter pospeši srčni utrip in dihanje.
Temperatura okolja za mladičke naj bo v prvem tednu starosti okrog 30oC, v drugem in tretjem tednu okoli 27oC ter v četrtem in petem tednu okrog 24oC.
Hranjenje
V primeru, da moramo mladičke hraniti, lahko uporabimo posebno mačje mleko, ki je naprodaj pri veterinarjih ali v specializiranih trgovinah s hrano za živali.
Mladičke lahko hranimo s kapalko, brizgo ali po steklenički. Pripomočke pred hranjenjem steriliziramo. Pri hranjenju s kapalko ali brizgo moramo paziti, da ne hranimo na silo - mačka mora požirati - v nasprotnem primeru tekočino lahko vbrizgamo v pljuča. Posledično lahko mucka dobi pljučnico in pogine.
Najprimernejši način je, da mladička položimo na brisačo na trebuh. Držimo ga za čeljust, mu rahlo privzdignemo glavo in s prstom nežno odpremo gobček, cucelj pa damo med čeljusti. Da med hranjenjem preprečimo vstop zraka v želodec, mora biti cucelj vedno poln mleka - stekleničko držimo pod kotom 45 stopinj. Po obroku mladička nekoliko dvignemo, da se mu izpahne zrak, ki ga je med sesanjem pojedel.
Mleko pred obrokom pogrejemo na telesno temperaturo. Število hranjenj je odvisno od starosti živali. Mladička hranimo na 3-4 ure. Sčasoma lahko mladičke hranimo na vsakih 6-8 ur. Količna hrane je odvisna od teže živali, ponavadi predvideno količino hrane najdemo na embalaži nadomestnega mleka. Mladiček potrebuje približno 0,26 ml mleka na gram telesne teže na dan.
Če je potrebno, lahko mladička odstavite pri starosti 4 tednov. Začnite s hranjenjem mleka v posodici, nato sčasoma uvedite čvrsto hrano. Za začetek lahko uporabite hrano iz konzerve ali zmočene brikete za mlade muce. Prehod iz hranjenja po steklenički ali brizgi na samostojno hranjenje ni takojšen. Ko muca pogosteje je iz posodice, zmanjšajte količino hranjenja po brizgi.
Pri prehodu na čvrsto hrano bodite pozorni na iztrebke, saj lahko pride do driske.
Nega
Mama mačka mladičku pomaga tudi pri odvajanju in izločanju. Ko mladička čisti po trebuščku, spodbuja prebavo, s čiščenjem okrog anusa pa spodbudi izločanje. Pri mali siroti morate za to poskrbeti vi. Mladička nežno s kratkimi gibi masirajte s koščkom vlažne vate ali s papirnato brisačko po trebuhu in okrog analne odprtine. To stimulira izločanje in pomaga, da je mladiček čist. Paziti morate, da ne pride do vnetja kože zaradi pregrobe nega ali ostankov blata. V primeru da ima mladiček drisko, ga je najbolje oprati s toplo vodo.
Ko je mladiček nahranjen in očiščen, ga je treba prebrisati z vlažno brisačo ali gazo s kratkimi gibi, kot bi to naredila mačka. S tem očistite kožušček, navadite mladička, kako naj se čisti in mu date občutek pozornosti.
Ko je mladiček star 4 tedne, ga lahko pričnete navajati na mačje stranišče.
Socializacija
Poleg hranjenja in nege potrebuje mladiček tudi toplino in dotik, zato ga kar brez skrbi pocrkljajte in ga pustite, da se stisne k vam.
Skrb za zdravje
V primeru, da ima mladiček bolhe, ga je potrebno tretirati s primernim sredstvom proti bolham.
Ponavadi imajo že majhni mucki gliste, saj prenos poteka preko materinega mleka, zato je mladička priporočljivo razglistiti. To storimo pri 3, 6, 9 in 12 tednih. Glede na sredstvo, ki ga uporabimo, je shema dajanja sredstva proti notranjim zajedavcem lahko tudi drugačna. Najbolje je, da se o tem posvetujete z vašim veterinarjem, kjer lahko sredstvo proti notranjim zajedavcem tudi kupite.
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Vsebina strani je last Nike Gregorčič (avtor) in je avtorsko zaščitena po Zakonu o avtorskih in sorodnih pravicah (ZASP - UL RS 21/95). Preberi pravila uporabe.
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